oalib

OALib Journal期刊

ISSN: 2333-9721

费用:99美元

投稿

时间不限

( 2024 )

( 2023 )

( 2022 )

( 2021 )

自定义范围…

匹配条件: “Samantha Bouwmeester” ,找到相关结果约1887条。
列表显示的所有文章,均可免费获取
第1页/共1887条
每页显示
Does Intuition Cause Cooperation?
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen, Samantha Bouwmeester
PLOS ONE , 2014, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096654
Abstract: Recently, researchers claimed that people are intuitively inclined to cooperate with reflection causing them to behave selfishly. Empirical support for this claim came from experiments using a 4-player public goods game with a marginal return of 0.5 showing that people contributed more money to a common project when they had to decide quickly (i.e., a decision based on intuition) than when they were instructed to reflect and decide slowly. This intuitive-cooperation effect is of high scientific and practical importance because it argues against a central assumption of traditional economic and evolutionary models. The first experiment of present study was set up to examine the generality of the intuitive-cooperation effect and to further validate the experimental task producing the effect. In Experiment 1, we investigated Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) workers' contributions to a 4-player public goods game with a marginal return of 0.5 while we manipulated the knowledge about the other players' contribution to the public goods game (contribution known vs. contribution unknown), the identity of the other players (humans vs. computers randomly generating contributions) and the time constraint (time pressure/intuition vs. forced delay/reflection). However, the results of Experiment 1 failed to reveal an intuitive-cooperation effect. Furthermore, four subsequent direct replications attempts with AMT workers (Experiments 2a, 2b, 2c and Experiment 3, which was conducted with na?ve/inexperienced participants) also failed to demonstrate intuitive-cooperation effects. Taken together, the results of the present study could not corroborate the idea that people are intuitively cooperative, hence suggesting that the theoretical relationship between intuition and cooperation should be further scrutinized.
Is spacing really the “friend of induction”?
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen,Samantha Bouwmeester
Frontiers in Psychology , 2014, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00259
Abstract: Inductive learning takes place when people learn a new concept or category by observing a variety of exemplars. Kornell and Bjork (2008) asked participants to learn new painting styles either by presenting different paintings of the same artist consecutively (massed presentation) or by mixing paintings of different artists (spaced presentation). In their second experiment, Kornell and Bjork (2008) showed with a final style recognition test, that spacing resulted in better inductive learning than massing. Also, by using this style recognition test, they ruled out the possibility that spacing merely resulted in a better memory for the labels of the newly learned painting styles. The findings from Kornell and Bjork’s (2008) second experiment are important because they show that the benefit of spaced learning generalizes to complex learning tasks and outcomes, and that it is not confined to rote memory learning. However, the findings from Kornell and Bjork’s (2008) second experiment have never been replicated. In the present study we performed an exact and high-powered replication of Kornell and Bjork’s (2008) second experiment with a Web-based sample. Such a replication contributes to establish the reliability of the original finding and hence to more conclusive evidence of the spacing effect in inductive learning. The findings from the present replication attempt revealed a medium-sized advantage of spacing over massing in inductive learning, which was comparable to the original effect in the experiment by Kornell and Bjork (2008). Also, the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the effect sizes from both experiments overlapped considerably. Hence, the findings from the present replication experiment and the original experiment clearly reinforce each other.
Language Comprehension in the Balance: The Robustness of the Action-Compatibility Effect (ACE)
Rolf A. Zwaan, Nathan van der Stoep, Tulio Guadalupe, Samantha Bouwmeester
PLOS ONE , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031204
Abstract: How does language comprehension interact with motor activity? We investigated the conditions under which comprehending an action sentence affects people's balance. We performed two experiments to assess whether sentences describing forward or backward movement modulate the lateral movements made by subjects who made sensibility judgments about the sentences. In one experiment subjects were standing on a balance board and in the other they were seated on a balance board that was mounted on a chair. This allowed us to investigate whether the action compatibility effect (ACE) is robust and persists in the face of salient incompatibilities between sentence content and subject movement. Growth-curve analysis of the movement trajectories produced by the subjects in response to the sentences suggests that the ACE is indeed robust. Sentence content influenced movement trajectory despite salient inconsistencies between implied and actual movement. These results are interpreted in the context of the current discussion of embodied, or grounded, language comprehension and meaning representation.
Error-free optical quantum communication
Dik Bouwmeester
Physics , 2000,
Abstract: An optical scheme for the reliable transfer of quantum information through a noisy quantum channel is proposed. The scheme is inspired by quantum error-correction protocols, but it avoids the currently infeasible requirement for a controlled-NOT operation between single photons. The quantum communication scheme presented here rejects single bit-flip errors instead of correcting them and combines quantum-measurement properties of three-particle entangled (GHZ) states with properties of quantum teleportation.
Tiled Algorithms for Matrix Computations on Multicore Architectures
Henricus Bouwmeester
Computer Science , 2013,
Abstract: The current computer architecture has moved towards the multi/many-core structure. However, the algorithms in the current sequential dense numerical linear algebra libraries (e.g. LAPACK) do not parallelize well on multi/many-core architectures. A new family of algorithms, the tile algorithms, has recently been introduced to circumvent this problem. Previous research has shown that it is possible to write efficient and scalable tile algorithms for performing a Cholesky factorization, a (pseudo) LU factorization, and a QR factorization. The goal of this thesis is to study tiled algorithms in a multi/many-core setting and to provide new algorithms which exploit the current architecture to improve performance relative to current state-of-the-art libraries while maintaining the stability and robustness of these libraries.
Exploring Possible Encounters between New Governance, Law and Constitutionalism in the European Union  [PDF]
Samantha Velluti
Beijing Law Review (BLR) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/blr.2013.41002
Abstract:

The current European Union (EU) is a highly institutionalized template for integration, equipped with a whole spectrum of different modes of regulation ranging from “hard” to “soft” which, particularly in recent years, have been pragmatically combined together to develop a hybrid and multi-tiered EU system. The dramatic expansion of the EU’s governance tool-kit and the variety of objectives and internal structures of these EU governance tools have relied on a non-clearly identifiable mix of legal and policy instruments. These changes in EU governance pose a challenge to the rule of law and its main tenets and do not sit well with the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) because they occupy an unsettled constitutional space. This space is characterized by a range of possible encounters between constitutionalism and governance. In this context, New Governance forces European scholars to rethink the way the EU system operates and the way Europeanization is being pursued. The paper explores the relationship between New Governance, law and constitutionalism and the problems concerning their conceptualization and further understanding. Its main argument is that a stronger dialogue between what are known as “soft” and “hard” regulatory mechanisms may lead to a hybridized EU governance regime in which all governance tools are designed to achieve the same set of goals.

A novel method for efficient and abundant production of Phytophthora brassicae zoospores on Brussels sprout leaf discs
Klaas Bouwmeester, Francine Govers
BMC Plant Biology , 2009, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-111
Abstract: P. brassicae isolates were tested for pathogenicity on Brussels sprout plants (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). Microscopic examination of leaves, stems and roots infected with a GFP-tagged transformant of P. brassicae clearly demonstrated the susceptibility of the various tissues. Leaf discs were cut from infected Brussels sprout leaves, transferred to microwell plates and submerged in small amounts of water. In the leaf discs the hyphae proliferated and abundant formation of zoosporangia was observed. Upon maturation the zoosporangia released zoospores in high amounts and zoospore production continued during a period of at least four weeks. The zoospores were shown to be infectious on Brussels sprouts and Arabidopsis.The in vitro leaf disc method established from P. brassicae infected Brussels sprout leaves facilitates convenient and high-throughput production of infectious zoospores and is thus suitable to drive small and large scale inoculation experiments. The system has the advantage that zoospores are produced continuously over a period of at least one month.Plants can be affected by a broad range of plant-pathogenic oomycetes, such as downy mildews and Phytophthora species. Comprehensive knowledge of host-pathogen interactions is a prerequisite for designing novel control strategies. Elucidation of these complex interactions will especially benefit from easy and user-friendly model pathosystems. One of the potential model systems is the interaction between Phytophthora brassicae and Arabidopsis [1].P. brassicae was initially classified as P. porri, a major pathogen causing white tip disease on Allium species [2,3], but based on detailed characterization, including isozyme pattern, ITS sequence, morphology and host-pathogenicity, it is now categorized as a new and distinct species [4,5]. P. brassicae has a narrow host range restricted to brassicaceous plants and was shown to be pathogenic on different Brassica species, e.g. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa su
Theory of an Entanglement Laser
Christoph Simon,Dik Bouwmeester
Physics , 2003, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.053601
Abstract: We consider the creation of polarization entangled light from parametric down- conversion driven by an intense pulsed pump inside a cavity. The multi-photon states produced are close approximations to singlet states of two very large spins. A criterion is derived to quantify the entanglement of such states. We study the dynamics of the system in the presence of losses and other imperfections, concluding that the creation of strongly entangled states with photon numbers up to a million seems achievable.
A Critical Path Approach to Analyzing Parallelism of Algorithmic Variants. Application to Cholesky Inversion
Henricus Bouwmeester,Julien Langou
Computer Science , 2010,
Abstract: Algorithms come with multiple variants which are obtained by changing the mathematical approach from which the algorithm is derived. These variants offer a wide spectrum of performance when implemented on a multicore platform and we seek to understand these differences in performances from a theoretical point of view. To that aim, we derive and present the critical path lengths of each algorithmic variant for our application problem which enables us to determine a lower bound on the time to solution. This metric provides an intuitive grasp of the performance of a variant and we present numerical experiments to validate the tightness of our lower bounds on practical applications. Our case study is the Cholesky inversion and its use in computing the inverse of a symmetric positive definite matrix.
L-type lectin receptor kinases: New forces in plant immunity
Klaas Bouwmeester,Yan Wang
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006433
Abstract:
第1页/共1887条
每页显示


Home
Copyright © 2008-2020 Open Access Library. All rights reserved.